Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2: Exercise 11-20

Exercise 11 – Subject-Verb Agreement

5. Everybody who (has/have) a fever must go home immediately

            This is about choosing the right verb according to the subject. The example above has “everybody” as its subject, which is a singular subject. Therefore, we use “has” as its verb, because “has” is used for singular subject, other than “I”.

Exercise 12 - Pronouns

7. (Your/Yours) record is scratched and (my/mine) is too

            This is about choosing the right pronouns in a sentence. In the first question, we use “your” instead of “yours”, because there is a noun after that, therefore we can’t replace the noun, which is why we use possessive adjectives (your) instead of possessive pronouns (yours). In the second question, we use “mine” instead of “my”, because there is no noun after that (it has been mentioned before), therefore we have to replace the noun, which is why we use possessive pronouns (mine) instead of possessive adjectives (my).

Exercise 13 – Verbs as Complements

6. George has no intention of (to leave/leaving) the city now

            This is about choosing whether to use infinitive or gerund, where there are two verbs found in a sentence, one as a verb itself, and the other as a complement. In the example above, we use “leaving” instead of “to leave” because the words “intention of” must be followed by a gerund (verb + ing), since it has “of” as a preposition. If a verb + preposition, adjective + preposition, noun + preposition, or preposition alone is followed directly by a verb, the verb will always be in the gerund form.

Exercise 14 – Pronouns with Verbs as Complements

5. We understand (him/his) having to leave early

            This is about choosing whether to use complement form or possessive form in a sentence with gerund or infinitive in it. Still related to the previous exercise, but this is simpler. From the example above, we use “his” instead of “him” because this sentence use gerund as complement, and any noun or pronoun directly proceeding it will be in possessive form. But, if there is infinitive as complement, a noun or pronoun must appear in complement form.

Exercise 15 – Need

9. They need to study (study) harder for that test

            This is about choosing whether to use infinitive or gerund after the word “need”. In example above, we use ”to study” instead of “to be studied” or “studying”, because the subject of the sentence is a living thing, therefore we use infinitive form. But, if the subject is a thing or inanimate object, we use gerund form or the verb “be” plus the past participle after the word “need”.

Exercise 16 – Embedded Question

8. Where did they spend their vacation? Angela told me where they spent their vacation.

            This is about making an embedded question in another sentence or question. From the example above, there are some rules we need to apply. (1) There must not be an auxiliary between the question word and the subject. In this case, the question word is “where” and the subject is “they”, so it will be “where they”. (2) So what happen to “did” and “spend”? We combine those two words so it becomes “spent”. (3) Last, just put the complement in the end. In conclusion, the embedded question will be “where they spent their vacation”

Exercise 17 – Tag Question

8. You can’t play tennis today, can you?

            This is about choosing the right tag question. Tag question is used to verify the previous statement. In the example above, the main clause is negative, therefore the tag is affirmative. The auxiliary used is “can’t”, so we use “can” in the tag. The subject is “you”. So the tag question will be can you.

Exercise 18 – Affirmative Agreement

3. He has an early appointment, and so do I.

            This is about choosing the right affirmative agreement in a sentence. Affirmative agreement is used when indicating that one person or a thing does something and then adding that another does the same. Usually, we use the word so or too. In example above, the main clause use a verb “has”. If there is a verb and no auxiliary used in it, the agreement will use do, does or did. So the affirmative agreement will be “so do I” or “I do too”

Exercise 19 – Negative Agreement

9. I can’t stand listening to that music, and she can’t either

            This is about choosing whether to use neither or either as a negative agreement in a sentence. The function is much like so and too in affirmative sentence. The main difference between neither and either is the position. Neither is used before the auxiliary, and either is used after the auxiliary. In the example above, we use either instead of neither because the position is after the auxiliary.

Exercise 20 – Negative Agreement

6. John shouldn’t run fast, and neither should you.

            This is about choosing the right auxiliary in a negative agreement. There are two rules to remember. First, the auxiliary will be the same as the one that is used in the main clause, with an adjustment on the subject. Second, if the negative agreement use neither, than the auxiliary will change into affirmative form, and if they use either, than the auxiliary will stay in the negative form. From the example above, the auxiliary used is “shouldn’t”, the negative agreement used is “neither”, and the last subject is “you”. So the right auxiliary will be “should”.